UUID照合で誤挿入防止！Pythonでラズパイのフォルダをzipバックアップし、月初アーカイブとInfluxDB記録も実現する

lsblk -f

UUID=xxxx-xxxx  /mnt/usb  vfat  defaults,nofail,uid=1000,gid=1000  0  0

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/usb
sudo mount -a          # fstabを再読み込みしてマウント
mountpoint /mnt/usb    # マウント確認

{
    "usb_mount_path": "/mnt/usb",
    "backup_dir": "/mnt/usb/backup",
    "backup_usb_uuid": "xxxx-xxxx"
}

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import sys
import shutil
import zipfile
import subprocess
import json
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

# ===== 設定読み込み =====
with open('/home/<username>/projects/smarthome/config/settings.json') as f:
    settings = json.load(f)

usb_mount_path = settings['usb_mount_path']   # 例: /mnt/usb
backup_dir     = settings['backup_dir']        # 例: /mnt/usb/backup
expected_uuid  = settings.get('backup_usb_uuid')  # 例: xxxx-xxxx

# ===== ① パス存在確認 =====
if not os.path.exists(backup_dir):
    raise RuntimeError(f"バックアップ先が存在しません: {backup_dir}")

# ===== ② マウント確認 =====
result = subprocess.run(["mountpoint", "-q", usb_mount_path])
if result.returncode != 0:
    raise RuntimeError(f"バックアップ先はマウントされていません: {usb_mount_path}")

# ===== ③ UUID照合（誤USB防止） =====
if expected_uuid:
    device = subprocess.check_output(
        ["findmnt", "-n", "-o", "SOURCE", "--target", usb_mount_path]
    ).decode().strip()

    current_uuid = subprocess.check_output(
        ["lsblk", "-no", "UUID", device]
    ).decode().strip()

    if current_uuid != expected_uuid:
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"USB UUIDが一致しません。期待値:{expected_uuid} 実際:{current_uuid}"
        )

# ===== 引数チェック =====
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
    print('引数にバックアップ元フォルダとバックアップ先フォルダ名を指定してください。')
    sys.exit()

source_folder    = sys.argv[1]   # バックアップ対象フォルダのパス
backup_foldername = sys.argv[2]  # バックアップ先のサブフォルダ名
backup_folder    = os.path.join(backup_dir, backup_foldername)
backup_days      = 30

# ===== 日付・パス設定 =====
current_date      = datetime.now()
backup_cutoff_date = current_date - timedelta(days=backup_days)
backup_filename   = current_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S') + '.zip'
backup_filepath   = os.path.join(backup_folder, backup_filename)

# バックアップフォルダが存在しない場合は作成
if not os.path.exists(backup_folder):
    os.makedirs(backup_folder)

# ===== zip圧縮してバックアップ =====
with zipfile.ZipFile(backup_filepath, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source_folder):
        for file in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
            zipf.write(file_path, os.path.relpath(file_path, source_folder))

# ===== 古いバックアップファイルを削除（月初は保持） =====
for backup_file in os.listdir(backup_folder):
    backup_file_path = os.path.join(backup_folder, backup_file)
    file_date = datetime.strptime(backup_file[:10], '%Y-%m-%d')
    if file_date < backup_cutoff_date and file_date.day != 1:
        os.remove(backup_file_path)

# ===== 実行結果の情報取得 =====
backup_size = os.path.getsize(backup_filepath)
total, used, free = shutil.disk_usage(backup_dir)
file_count = sum(len(files) for _, _, files in os.walk(backup_dir))

print(f'バックアップ完了: {backup_filepath}')
print(f'ファイルサイズ: {backup_size / (1024*1024):.2f} MB')
print(f'空き容量: {free / (1024**3):.2f} GB')
print(f'バックアップファイル総数: {file_count} 個')

#!/bin/bash
# smarthomeプロジェクトフォルダをバックアップ
/home/<username>/projects/venv/bin/python \
    /home/<username>/projects/smarthome/maintenance/raspi_backup.py \
    "/home/<username>/projects/smarthome" \
    "smarthome"

# 追加対象の例（コメントアウトを外すと有効になる）
#/home/<username>/projects/venv/bin/python \
#    /home/<username>/projects/smarthome/maintenance/raspi_backup.py \
#    "/home/<username>/projects/minecraft" \
#    "minecraft"

crontab -e

# 毎日午前3時にバックアップを実行
0 3 * * * /bin/bash /home/<username>/projects/smarthome/maintenance/raspi_backup.sh >> /home/<username>/projects/smarthome/logs/backup.log 2>&1

device = subprocess.check_output(
    ["findmnt", "-n", "-o", "SOURCE", "--target", usb_mount_path]
).decode().strip()
# 例: /dev/sda1

current_uuid = subprocess.check_output(
    ["lsblk", "-no", "UUID", device]
).decode().strip()
# 例: 699A-BACB

if current_uuid != expected_uuid:
    raise RuntimeError(...)

zipf.write(file_path, os.path.relpath(file_path, source_folder))

file_date = datetime.strptime(backup_file[:10], '%Y-%m-%d')
if file_date < backup_cutoff_date and file_date.day != 1:
    os.remove(backup_file_path)

bash /home/<username>/projects/smarthome/maintenance/raspi_backup.sh

ls -lh /mnt/usb/backup/smarthome/

unzip -l /mnt/usb/backup/smarthome/YYYY-MM-DD_HH-MM-SS.zip | head -20

sudo umount /mnt/usb
python3 raspi_backup.py "/home/<username>/projects/smarthome" "smarthome"
# → RuntimeError: バックアップ先はマウントされていません: /mnt/usb